I thought I’d share my source of motivation for working on Ubuntu in the hopes that it might inspire others too! (Note that this is my personal opinion; I don’t speak for Canonical in this blog.)

I believe that the world is moving in the direction of widespread technical savvy and ubiquitous technical companions (think smartphones or tablets).

I want such technology to be a force of empowerment, and thereby a force of good for humanity. To me, empowering means cheap, trustable, adaptable, and easy to use.

Open source software trivially fulfills the first three, in ways that proprietary software cannot. And Ubuntu is doing it’s best to fulfill the last.

Cheap

Yes, technically Open Source doesn’t have to be free. But in practice, it is. Proprietary software can be too, usually through ads. But Open Source always is and, more importantly, always will be.

Trustable

With Open Source, it’s easy to have complete confidence even without being an engineer. As a consumer, Open Source means it won’t spy on me and will do only what it says on the tin.

Adaptable

Proprietary software can be adaptable, no question. Not all adaptations require source access, though it does help.

But importantly, Open Source reduces the opportunity cost for creating or even using software. You can stand on the shoulders of giants. Anyone can provide support or contract work.

There is no barrier to entry to modify Open Source software. And most such software is designed specifically to interoperate with other software, so it’s easier to mix and match.

By way of example, think of a fictional school system in India that wants to create a customized version of Ubuntu. Very trivial to do, and they don’t need to seek anyone’s permission.

Ease of Use

This last point has generally eluded the open source community. But it’s the most important in my mind. What good is the most capable technology in the world, if it never improves lives because it is so hard to use?

My goal is empowering, in a utilitarian sense, as many users as possible. I rarely write code for me alone.

This, more than the rest, is why I support Ubuntu. Ubuntu specifically focuses on users and expanding Open Source beyond the chasm. And more than that, Ubuntu has the best chance of all the current efforts to cross the chasm.

Conclusion

When I think of empowering, I don’t tend to dwell on the modern first world. They don’t especially need empowerment. I’m thinking of the less-franchised or even our own sci-fi future, when our relationship with technology becomes even more important. Do you think Geordi would run code on the Enterprise for which he doesn’t have source access?

Also note that this is not a moral argument; I don’t especially consider Open Source a moral directive for these purposes. Users won’t flock to us because Ubuntu is open source, but rather because Ubuntu delights them.

I understand why people work on splinter efforts or other projects, but for me, I think the work that Canonical does with pre-installs, enterprise support, for-purchase apps, Ubuntu One, and user testing is an invaluable addition to the main Ubuntu project. These are how we reach new users.

I recently finished up a branch adding support to the backup program duplicity for Ubuntu One. I thought I’d write up how I did it, because some things weren’t obvious.

My needs were simple: Python versions of get, put, delete, and list operations.

Code snippets under GPL-2+ license. These don’t have any error handling, but that’s simple enough to add. Note that for the list and put snippets you will need to either use trunk or a release greater than 0.2.0 of the ubuntuone-couch Python module.

If parts of the snippets are confusing, it may help to consult the official documentation.

Log In

First, you have to log the user into Ubuntu One. There’s a utility class in ubuntuone.platform.credentials to help with this. It’s designed to be asynchronous, but for our simple purposes, we’ll fake synchronicity with a main loop.

_login_success = False
def login(self):
    from gobject import MainLoop
    from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop
    from ubuntuone.platform.credentials import CredentialsManagementTool

    global _login_success
    _login_success = False

    DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True)
    loop = MainLoop()

    def quit(result):
            global _login_success
	    loop.quit()
	    if result:
		    _login_success = True

    cd = CredentialsManagementTool()
    d = cd.login()
    d.addCallbacks(quit)
    loop.run()
    return _login_success

Create Volume

Another piece of set up before we can get to the good stuff is to create a volume if needed. A volume is just a directory in Ubuntu One that can be synchronized (but isn’t by default). It’s OK to attempt to create a volume multiple times, but Ubuntu One will report back an error if you try to create a nested volume.

Note the auth.request call. This adds the required OAuth header to our request so that we can successfully authorize with the server. This is why we must be logged in first, to have access to the credentials that auth.request uses.

def create_volume(path):
    import ubuntuone.couch.auth as auth
    import urllib
    base = "https://one.ubuntu.com/api/file_storage/v1/volumes/~/"
    return auth.request(base + urllib.quote(path), http_method="PUT")

Delete

Alright, we can get down to brass tacks now that we are logged in and have a volume in which to work. Let’s start simple with a file delete request.

def delete(path):
    import ubuntuone.couch.auth as auth
    import urllib
    base = "https://one.ubuntu.com/api/file_storage/v1/~/"
    return auth.request(base + urllib.quote(path), http_method="DELETE")

That was easy!

List

Listing involves requesting the metadata for the parent directory / volume and explicitly asking for information about its children.

def list(path):
    import json
    import ubuntuone.couch.auth as auth
    import urllib
    base = "https://one.ubuntu.com/api/file_storage/v1/~/"
    url = base + urllib.quote(path) + "?include_children=true"
    answer = auth.request(url)
    filelist = []
    node = json.loads(answer[1])
    if node.get('has_children') == True:
        for child in node.get('children'):
            child_path = urllib.unquote(child.get('path')).lstrip('/')
            filelist += [child_path]
    return filelist

Get

This is a little tricky. You have to first ask for metadata about the file to get the actual content path. Then you have to hit files.one.ubuntu.com to get the data itself.

Note we don’t quote the twiddle in the content_path field. It needs to be unquoted.

def get(remote, local):
    import json
    import ubuntuone.couch.auth as auth
    import urllib
    base = "https://one.ubuntu.com/api/file_storage/v1/~/"
    answer = auth.request(base + urllib.quote(remote))
    node = json.loads(answer[1])
    base = "https://files.one.ubuntu.com"
    url = base + urllib.quote(node.get('content_path'), safe="~")
    answer = auth.request(url)
    f = open(local, 'wb')
    f.write(answer[1])

Put

Last, but not least, putting a file on the server. Note that you must specify a content type and length.

def put(local, remote):
    import json
    import ubuntuone.couch.auth as auth
    import mimetypes
    import urllib
    base = "https://one.ubuntu.com/api/file_storage/v1/~/"
    answer = auth.request(base + urllib.quote(remote),
                          http_method="PUT",
                          request_body='{"kind":"file"}')
    node = json.loads(answer[1])
    data = bytearray(open(local, 'rb').read())
    size = len(data)
    content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(local)[0]
    content_type = content_type or 'application/octet-stream'
    headers = {"Content-Length": str(size),
	       "Content-Type": content_type}
    base = "https://files.one.ubuntu.com"
    url = base + urllib.quote(node.get('content_path'), safe="~")
    return auth.request(url, http_method="PUT",
                        headers=headers, request_body=data)

Odds and Ends

Hope that was helpful!

You should be able to figure out how to do other things you’ll need from these snippets and the official documentation. Note that as of this writing, parts of that documentation are out of date. For the moment, trust my snippets over the documentation! I’m told the documentation is being updated.

Note that in terms of HTTP error codes, Ubuntu One seems to return 500 for out-of-space. And if you request a malformed path (like, with two slashes in it), it likes to give back an error code with a login page as an HTML payload.